Past tense
adalah bentuk waktu yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi dimasa lampau(bersifat sederhana) dan tidak ada hubungannya sama sekali dengan masa sekarang. ciri penandanya misalnya terdapat kata last week, yesterday, last years, ago, last saturday, dan sebagainya.
Rumus :
* Bentuk nominal
you/they/we + to be(were)
I/He/she/it + to be(was)
contoh :
– I was here lat night
– she went to bali yesterday
* Bentuk verbal :
I/You/We/They/He/She/it + V II
contoh :
I went last week
she went to bali yesterday
past tense dalam bentuk kalimat tanya(interoggative) :
jika hendak membuat kalimat tanya, maka to be untuk bentuk nominal diletakan dimuka subject. sedangkan untuk verbal ditambahkan did yang diletakan di depan subject.
contoh :
- was i hunger yesterday?
- were we noisy in the classroom last morning?
- did we move the cupboard beside room?
contoh V II :
become – became
come – came
cut – cut
do – did
get – got
have – had
hear – heard
hold – held
lay – laid
lead – led
lie – lay
make – made
meet – met
put -put
say – said
show – showed
tear – tore
wear – wore
win – won
aet -ate
fall – fell
give – gave
take – toke
Present perfect tense
adalah digunakan untuk menyatakan tindakan atau situasi yang pernah atau sudah terjadi. Kapan terjadinya tindakan atau situasi itu tidak terlalu penting.
Pola kalimat present perfect tense.
Pola I
(+) S + have/has + V3
(-) S + have/has + not + V3
(?) Have/has + S + V3
Pola II
(+) S + have/has + been + Adj/Adv/N
(-) S + have/has + not + been + Adj/Adv/N
(?) Have/has + S + been + Adj/Adv/N
contoh V III
write – wrote – written
break – broke – broken
choose – chose – chosen
speak – spoke – spoken
steal – stole – stolen
fell – felt – felt
kepp – kept – kept
leave – left – left
know – knew – known
mean – meant – meant
sell – sold – sold
shine – shone – shone
understand – understood – understood
wake – woke – woken
wear – wore – worn
sumber :
kamus b. inggris 2 milyard
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